India’s Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation dropped to 3.54 per cent in July 2024, its lowest in nearly five years, largely driven by a decline in vegetable prices. However, despite this positive development, the State Bank of India (SBI) has cautioned that the path forward may be challenging, according to the SBI research report.
The dramatic reduction in vegetable inflation, which plummeted from 29.3 per cent in June to a mere 6.8 per cent in July, played a crucial role in achieving this multi-year low. The weighted contribution of vegetables to the overall CPI also shrank from 1.77 per cent in June to 0.55 per cent in July, underscoring their impact on the headline inflation figure.
Additionally, the prices of fruits and fuel showed signs of moderation, contributing further to easing inflationary pressures.
However, this broad-based relief was tempered by a slight uptick in core CPI inflation, which excludes food and fuel prices.
The SBI’s latest report highlights that the once-dominant “Follow the Fed” mantra appears to be waning, with an increasing number of central banks prioritizing domestic economic conditions over synchronizing with U.S. rate decisions, signaling a shift in global monetary policy dynamics.
This decline in CPI marks the first time in half a decade that CPI inflation has dipped below the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) target of 4 per cent, a feat largely attributed to a steep fall in vegetable prices.
Core CPI rose from 3.12 per cent in June to 3.30 per cent in July, driven primarily by an increase in mobile tariffs. Notably, the transport and communication segment saw inflation rise sharply from 0.97 per cent in June to 2.48 per cent in July, indicating sector-specific pressures.
The moderation in food inflation, which stood at 5.06 per cent year-on-year in July, was significantly influenced by a higher base effect. Despite this, concerns persist over the uneven distribution of monsoon rainfall, particularly in key foodgrain-producing states experiencing deficient precipitation.
With La Nina conditions gaining strength, the possibility of excessive rainfall in August and September looms large, raising fears of crop damage that could reignite food price inflation.
Looking ahead, inflationary pressures may persist, potentially exceeding the RBI’s forecast of 4.5 per cent for FY25. The domestic growth momentum remains robust, with GDP expected to surpass 7 per cent in Q1 FY25.
However, geopolitical uncertainties continue to pose risks to the growth outlook. The RBI, maintaining a tight liquidity stance to control inflation, has deferred potential rate cuts to December 2024 or February 2025.
State-wise analysis reveals that the majority of states recorded CPI inflation rates below the national average, with only six out of 22 states experiencing higher-than-average inflation. Despite this, significant rural-urban inflation differentials were observed, with most states seeing higher inflation in rural areas compared to urban counterparts. Only four states reported higher urban inflation.
Historically, when the U.S. Federal Reserve adjusts its interest rates, global capital flows are impacted, prompting central banks in emerging markets to follow suit. However, while the Fed’s recent rate hike cycle (2022-2023) saw a synchronized global response, the current rate-cutting phase is proving to be less coordinated. Central banks in countries like China, Chile, Brazil, Mexico, the UK, Canada, and the European Central Bank have already begun reducing rates, while the Fed is expected to initiate cuts in September 2024.
India’s Index of Industrial Production (IIP) grew by 4.2 per cent in June 2024, down from a revised 6.2 per cent in May. The mining sector led the growth with a 10.3 per cent increase, followed by electricity at 8.6 per cent and manufacturing at 2.6 per cent. For the April-June 2024 period, industrial growth stood at 5.2 per cent, compared to 4.7 per cent in the same period the previous year.
As India navigates the delicate balance between growth and inflation, the coming months will be critical in shaping the country’s economic trajectory, especially with potential global shifts in monetary policy and the evolving monsoon season.
